NARASINETWORK.COM - Along the coastline of Jeju Island, piercing whistles known as Sumbi Sori are heard as female divers, called Haenyeo, resurface after holding their breath for several minutes. This sound is produced by a breathing technique used during their dives, signalling their successful return from underwater depths without the aid of breathing apparatus.
Haenyeo form a community of women engaged in traditional marine resource harvesting. They collect sea products such as abalone, sea cucumbers, and sea urchins relying solely on skill and physical endurance, without mechanical breathing equipment. This freediving tradition has been practiced for centuries and is an integral part of their cultural identity.
In 2016, this tradition received international recognition when it was inscribed on UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage list. UNESCO highlighted that Haenyeo’s activities reflect women’s resilience and contribute to environmental conservation through selective harvesting methods.
However, the number of active Haenyeo has significantly declined. In the 1960s, their population exceeded 23,000, but currently, estimates suggest fewer than 4,000 remain. This decrease is mainly due to a lack of younger generations continuing the practice and changing lifestyle preferences.
A representative from the local divers’ association noted that succession poses the greatest challenge. Many young people prefer employment opportunities in urban areas over pursuing this traditional livelihood. Additionally, climate change and marine pollution are impacting the ecosystems where Haenyeo operate.
Despite their decreasing numbers, Haenyeo continue to play an important role in Jeju’s tourism. Educational centres and performances at sites such as Seongsan Ilchulbong allow visitors to learn about their culture. Local authorities are working to preserve this heritage through specialised schools and dedicated museums.
This year’s International Women’s Day serves as a reminder of the vital role women play in safeguarding marine culture and ecosystems. Haenyeo represent more than an occupation; they embody a community identity demonstrating that age does not restrict meaningful contribution.
Efforts in education and promotion aim to preserve the tradition and ensure that it brings economic and environmental benefits to present and future generations.